1. Origin
2. Economic
importance and Geographical Distribution
3. Classification
4.
Commercialization
1. Origin
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The orchids have fascinated al world during centuries and have been you
considered like mystical flowers; although some primitive towns have also
utilized it with medicinal end. In the Old one Greece were views as a symbol
of virility. The European fondness al cultivation of the orchids began
probably with the expeditions of the century XVIII. Due to its beauty and al
high price that reach the orchids at present, are motive of cultivation by
individuals and industrial as cut flower and as plant ornamental, because of
it has an economic importance to world level.
2.
Economic importance and Geographical Distribution
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Some kinds of the family of the orchids are object of important cultivations;
treats, nevertheless of cultivations very specialized. Its cultivation is
possible everywhere and is especially developed since the half of last
century because many hybrid interespecíficos and intergenéricos were created
and marketed with success by its obtentores. The commercial exploitation for
cut flower and the cultivation in flowerpot affects to some fifty kinds
whose cultivation is practiced in many countries.
Among the main producing countries of orchids fits to emphasize: Brazil,
Chinese, Colombia, Costa Rica, United States, Philippines, Indonesian, Low
Countries and Thailand. The increase of the demand in the countries
industrialized offers an opportunity for the export markets development in
other countries in so much development in Asia Sudoriental as in south
America.
3. Classification
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A) Kind Cymbidium Are the most cultivated orchids of the entire world thanks
to their easy cultivation and al great number of hybrids, being Holland and
France the main producing countries. It is an orchid with pseudobulbo (organ
situated in the base of the leaves and constituted by weaves acuíferos and
with epidermis desprovista of estomas). Each pseudobulbo produces from eight
to ten long and narrow leaves and energetic roots.
Its leaves are extended and the flowers are met in bunches straightened up
(20-80 cm and more), the stems are transformed into rizomas more or less air;
the roots are carnosas, little ramificadas and play a very important role in
the water diet: the white weave that covered absorbs them so much the water
of escurrimiento as the atmospheric humidity. b) Kind Cattleya
Kind appointed in honor of W. Cattley of Barnet, one of the first amateurs
that created a private collection of orchids.
They are orchids epífitas with pseudobulbos (provide a defense against the
periodic drought), leaves oblongas gross with nervadura central sunken, thin
stems, elegant flowers grouped in two, three or more with different colors:
mauve, rose, red, white, yellow and bicolores. The roots are gross, carnosas
and of superficial development. Know them them free and equal among itself,
generally extended; wider petals or equal to them know them.
c) Kind Phalaenopsis
The Phalaenopsis cultivated are hybrids derived from a group of twenty of
species. Are orchids without pseudobulbo, have long roots and carnosas, with
leaves seemed to the Cattleya. Al to lack pseudobulbos the bud emerge of the
rizoma central monopodial and the leaves have certain water retention
capacity. The leaves are of speckled, dark green color or with grayish blue
spots. The flowers are grouped in bunches, that are born in the axila of the
leaves. They can be of color: white, rose, mauve and yellow (the flowers can
be rayadas or stained).
4. Commercialization:
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The embalaje of the inflorescencias should be careful, normally takes place
in boxes of full cardboard of wadding of celulosa. Normally the flowers are
presented in small transparent boxes with the pedúnculo placed in a pipe
with water. In this way an excellent conservation is obtained, that can
oscillate among fifteen days and three weeks. The Cymbidium "miniaturas" in
flowerpots increasingly are cultivated like flowerpots of flower, since is a
matter of excellent plants of interior. The conservation of the cut flower
of the Cattleya oscillates between 8 and 10 days. The Phalaenopsis are sold
in bunches in flower of 7-8 flowers as a minimum. The conservation of this
cut flower oscillates between 15 and 20 days. At present is developing
increasingly the cultivation of plants in flowerpot, since has a long one
floración in interiors.
