1. Origin

2. Economic importance and Geographical Distribution

3. Commercialization

1. Origin

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The gerbera is native of Transvaal (Africa Southern); also knows himself like margarita of the Transvaal. The gerbera carries the name of Trangott Gerber, a German doctor that collected many plants, above all in the danish peninsula of Jutland. The varieties of commercial cultivation proceed of hybridizations with southern species of Africa (Gerbera jamesonii and G. viridifolia), where the climate is tropical of mountain. The scientific name comes given by a coleccionador of called plants Jameson, who discovered the gerbera in Transvaal.

2. Economic importance and Geographical Distribution

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In the cultivation of cut flower, the importance of the gerbera situates in which represents an ideal flower for bouquets by its multitude of colors. Also one must mention the importance of the industrial cultivation of the gerbera in flowerpot in recent years.

To world level, the colors of the flowers of gerbera more demanded are: rose (includes tones fucsia, 40%), red (20%), yellow (10%), white (10%), orange (10%) and other. In function of the type of inflorescencia, the consumer prefers the 20-40% for the double flowers, 20-40% for the semidobles and of the 30-60% for the simple. Respect al color of the central part of the inflorescencia, the demand is of the 20-30% for the flowers of black heart and of the 70-80% for those of green heart.

3. Commercialization:

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To market the flowers are employed special boards of cardboard or cálices of plastic material that impede the graze of the lígulas among them and with the boxes that contain them. The it packaged of the flower is delicate and is recommended that it be carried out in the same exploitation for those sensitive varieties al graze. The bottled it is carried out in boxes of cardboard of 12 cm of height with capacity for 40 to 60 flowers placed in two boards of cardboard, with 20 to 30 flowers each one. Also it markets himself in branches of 10 flowers, protected with cálices of plastic. The boxes should be stored down the mouth to avoid that the stems be twisted. The optimum temperature of storage is from 2 to 8ºC. In the transportation of gerberas is the embalaje type "racquet"; is a matter of a construction of cardboard with holes, by which the stems are put, having its similarity with that of a racquet. In a racquet enter seven gerberas; in this manner the flowers itself are not damaged. This type of embalaje
alone is employed in gerberas of first category, which are transported in this embalaje in water. In this way the quality himself is not seen altered. As for the parameters of quality that serve for the classification of the flower, diverse criteria exist, although the most employed are:

 

Length of the stick. Express a number in centimeters, measured since the base of the pedúnculo to the upper part of the chapter. Diameter of the chapter. It refers al number of corresponding centimeters al diameter of the circunferencia that form the exterior extremes of the lígulas of the inflorescencia. Inflexibility. It indicates the rectitud and fortress of the chapter. Specifications. They referred to the flowers and to the stems that should be exempt of damages produced by you plague and illnesses that alter its aspect and color, spots or quemaduras produced by products fitosanitarios, visible residues of processing and magulladuras, defects of vegetation (lígulas twisted), etc. Tolerance of quality. Express the percentage of sticks that can present light defects, to condition that the homogeneity of the presentation itself be not seen affected. Presentation of the flowers in the containers described previously. It defines the categories extra, first and second in function of the conservation of the chapters.