1. Origin
2. Economic
importance and Geographical Distribution
3. Classification
4. Commercialization
1. Origin
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In China the chrysanthemum is employee as ornamental for more than two
thousand years; his cultivation was transferred to Japan where he became a
flower holy that he received a divine devotion. Still it is utilized in
ceremonies and the flower is the symbol of a long life. Contrary to what it
thinks many people, the sphere in the Japanese flag does not represent the
rising sun but the heart of a chrysanthemum despoiled of its petals. It was
introduced in Europe through France in the last third of the century XVIII.
2.
Economic importance and Geographical Distribution
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Home
The chrysanthemum is one of the species ornamentales more cultivated of the
entire world. The production is important in various European countries, as
the Great, Low Countries Britain and France; as well as in Colombia, United
States and Canada where for a very long time is a cultivation industrialized
and in Japan the flower of the chrysanthemum reaches a symbolic value. In
Centroeuropa, Japan and United States has had always a great demand for
which the works of genetic improvement are important and have given rise to
numerous cultivares with forms and colors. After the rose, the chrysanthemum
continues being the most sold cut flower in the Dutch auctions of flowers.
The white one is the most sold color with a participation in the market of
the 40%; has to see with the fact that the white chrysanthemums are lent
better to be painted, what now is done with colorantes ecological of the
alimentary industry. In second place are the yellow chrysanthemums (31%),
followed by the violetas (11%).
3. Classification
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Chrysanthemums of floración summer or early: those that flourish in answer
to greater, hot temperatures or equal to 15ºC, independently of the length
of the day (termopositivos). The temperature of 15ºC is the average of the
nocturnal and diurnal temperatures, with diurnal temperatures that they
exceed not the 25ºC and nocturnal over 10ºC.
Chrysanthemums of all the year (AYR; All year round) : those that respond al
fotoperíodo, concretely to short days, and in smaller measure to the
temperatures. Manipulating the length of the day can be obtained flowers in
any epoch of the year. They are subdivided in groups of answer, according to
the number of necessary weeks among the initiation of the yema floral and
the floración real: the majority of the flowers for cut are obtained of the
cultivares from 10 to 12 weeks.
4. Commercialization:
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The packaged of
the flowers can be carried out with sleeves of plastic, placing normally
five stems by sleeve, so that the branches be always of the same color. In
the traditional method, individual flowers are taken and are placed in
layers of alternate form to each extreme of the box, placing a piece of role
under the pedicelo in the layer of the fund to both sides to bear the stem
and to avoid that the flower be crushed or parted. The chrysanthemums, so
much the standard (a single stem) as those of ramillete (pompón and spider),
have a long life postcosecha when is handled them appropriate. The
difficulties in the absorption and the transportation of the water in the
stem are the main problems in postcosecha of the chrysanthemums, what gives
place al amarillamiento and marchitamiento premature of its leaves.
